The Science of Facial Aging: Why Your Face Changes Over Time

Have you ever looked in the mirror and wondered why your face looks different than it used to? Fine lines, sagging skin, and changes in shape are all normal signs of facial aging. But what exactly happens under the skin to cause these changes?
July 2nd, 2025·
4 mins
The Science of Facial Aging: Why Your Face Changes Over Time

This article breaks down the science of facial aging—how it works, why it happens, and what you can do to slow it down.

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What Is Facial Aging?

Facial aging means the changes in your skin, muscles, fat, and bones that make your face look older over time. This process is natural, but many things can make it happen faster.

Doctors and scientists have learned that facial aging happens in layers:

  • The skin thins and loses elasticity
  • The fat pads under the skin shrink and move
  • The muscles weaken
  • Even the bones change shape

According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), these changes start as early as your 20s, though you may not notice them right away.

The Role of Collagen and Elastin

Your skin has two important proteins:

  • Collagen: Gives skin strength and firmness.
  • Elastin: Lets skin bounce back after stretching.

As you age, your body makes less collagen and elastin. Studies in The Lancet show that by age 50, you may have lost up to 30% of your collagen.

Less collagen means:

  • Thinner skin
  • Fine lines and wrinkles
  • More sagging

Sun Damage Speeds Up Aging

Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun are the biggest cause of early wrinkles. This is called photoaging.

UV rays break down collagen and elastin faster, leading to:

  • Deep wrinkles
  • Sunspots (dark patches)
  • Rough skin texture

The NEJM published a famous photo of a truck driver who spent decades with more sun on one side of his face. The result? That side looked many years older.

This shows why sunscreen is so important.

Fat and Bone Changes

It’s not just skin that ages—fat and bones do too.

  • Fat pads under your skin shrink and slide down, making cheeks look flatter and creating shadows.
  • Bone in your cheeks and jaw thins, leading to hollows and sagging.

This is why people notice:

  • Sunken cheeks
  • Deeper smile lines
  • A more hollow look under the eyes

According to the British Journal of Dermatology, bone loss starts slowly in midlife and speeds up after menopause.

The Role of Chronic Stress

Stress doesn’t just affect your mind—it also ages your skin. When you’re stressed, your body makes cortisol, a hormone that can:

  • Break down collagen
  • Slow skin repair
  • Increase inflammation

Over time, this means more wrinkles and duller skin.

Hormones and Aging Skin

Hormones also play a big part:

  • Estrogen helps skin stay thick and hydrated. When estrogen drops after menopause, skin gets thinner and drier.
  • Testosterone supports skin firmness in men but declines with age.

This is why hormone shifts often lead to faster changes in facial appearance.

Common Signs of Facial Aging

Here’s what most people notice first:

  • Fine lines around the eyes (“crow’s feet”)
  • Lines from the nose to the mouth (nasolabial folds)
  • Thinner lips
  • Drooping eyelids or eyebrows
  • Dark spots or uneven skin tone

These are all normal, but some changes can be slowed with the right care.

Evidence-Based Ways to Slow Facial Aging

While no treatment stops aging completely, science shows certain steps help slow the process:

  1. Daily Sunscreen: Using a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen protects collagen and prevents spots. The AAD recommends applying it every morning—even on cloudy days.
  2. Retinoids: Retinoids (vitamin A creams) boost collagen production and smooth fine lines. They are among the most studied anti-aging products. According to the NEJM, people using retinoids daily had fewer wrinkles and better skin texture over 6 months.
  3. Vitamin C: This antioxidant brightens skin and helps repair UV damage. Use it under sunscreen for extra protection.
  4. Moisturizers: Hydrated skin looks smoother and healthier. Look for moisturizers with hyaluronic acid or ceramides.
  5. Healthy Habits: Eat a balanced diet rich in antioxidants; Get enough sleep; Avoid smoking; Manage stress with exercise or relaxation techniques.

All of these habits help protect your skin’s collagen and elasticity.

How Teledermatology Can Help

If you’re worried about facial aging, you don’t always need to visit a clinic in person. With teledermatology, you can:

  • Upload photos of your skin
  • Get a virtual exam
  • Receive personalized treatment plans
  • Get prescriptions for retinoids or other products

Teledermatology makes it easy to start caring for your skin without leaving home.

Key Takeaways

  • Facial aging is normal and starts as early as your 20s.
  • Changes happen in skin, fat, muscle, and bone.
  • Sun exposure and stress speed up these changes.
  • Daily sunscreen, retinoids, vitamin C, and healthy habits can slow aging.
  • Teledermatology makes expert care simple and accessible.

Ready to Care for Your Skin?

Book a virtual visit with a Tono Health dermatologist today.We’ll create a plan to help you feel confident in your skin—at any age.

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References

This article is for informational purposes only. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, visit an ER or call 911 right away.



Brian HaynesBrian Haynes is the Chief of Staff at Tono Health.

About the author

Brian Haynes is a product and strategy leader with over a decade of experience building and scaling technology solutions at Deloitte, Amazon, Meta, and Bank of America. He brings expertise in operational transformation, product management, and platform growth, having led cross-functional teams to deliver software and services used by millions of users and thousands of businesses. As Chief of Staff at Tono Health, Brian leverages his experience to execute strategic initiatives, accelerate growth, and expand access to high-quality virtual specialty care in dermatology, allergy, and endocrinology.